Waxy-leaf Nightshade

Solanum glaucophyllum (commonly known as waxy-leaf nightshade and also referred to as S. glaucum and S. malacoxylon) is a toxic plant which is known for its calcinogenic effects, leading to development of enzootic calcinosis. The main active components in calcinogenic plants are 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (aka Vitamin D). The quantity varies depending on the genetic variety of the plant and the environmental conditions under which the plant has grown.

What poisoning does. The plant causes poisoning in grazing animals living in low-lying wet areas, and documented several times in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Most develop a loss of appetite, weight loss, wasting, and stiffness. Later stages often involve inability to completely extend the joints. Blood analysis reveals higher than normal levels of calcium and inorganic phosphorus, associated with deposition of calcified material in soft tissues, especially the heart, arteries, lungs, and kidneys, as well as osteosclerosis. The clinical signs are similar to those induced by vitamin D overdose.

Necropsy confirmation. Severe mineralization of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, heart, and lungs, consistent with enzootic calcinosis.